When picture writing first began, the pictures represented the actual object they depicted.
These we call pictograms. For example, a picture of a sun within a family scene signified that the sun was part of that scene. Later, pictures came to represent ideas, so that if you saw a sun in a scene, it might symbolize not only the sun, but also daytime, warmth, or light. These are known as ideograms.
Finally, the pictures began to represent not only the appearance of an object and related ideas, but also the sound of a spoken word used to it describe it.
Hieroglyphic writing was written in columns or rows. Reading direction is determined by the direction that human and animal figures faced. Reading starts from the direction that figures face and continues in the opposite direction. Columns were read down as we would read lines down a page.
The Egyptians liked symmetry. If hieroglyphs were inscribed in a column, they would often inscribe the same text in the opposite column, except with the writing reversed.
The example below demonstrates how symmetry was obtained while writing on the lintel of a door.

The text in the second row starts in the middle of the lintel with the
and runs to the sides. Thus the text to the left is read from the middle to the left and the text to the right is read from the middle to the right.
In scenes with two figures facing each other, the respective texts of the figures face each other as well. It thus becomes easier to distinguish between the legends and speeches of different actors in a scene and to find the starting point of each actors accompanying texts.
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